As we become
more discerning about what we eat and opt to buy fresh from the Farmers Market
rather than the grocery store, it’s often said that “I wish I could get this in
the winter.” And while it’s nearly
impossible to do unless you live in a temperate region, many items can be
preserved for winter use and a big one for us is tomatoes, which we make into
canned tomatoes, juice, and sauces.
Believing
that many are intimidated by the prospect of canning, I thought I’d put
together a little tutorial on preserving tomatoes using a pressure canner –
it’s a lot quicker than a water bath canner.
My primary reference for preserving is “Keeping The Harvest” by Chioffi & Mead.
Jars – use
only canning jars and not left over mayonnaise jars.
Check them
for any damage that could lead to breakage or nicks on the rim that would
prevent sealing. We just wash ours in
the dish washer but they can be further sterilized by dipping in boiling water
(more of a concern for low acid items like beans).
Tomatoes –
We like to can with paste tomatoes (Kada, Quimbaya, Roma, San Marzano, etc.) as
they have much less water in them, which must often must be cooked off later for
sauces and they make a little thicker juice.
It takes a peach basket full (half bushel) to make a run (seven quarts).
More watery tomatoes
work fine in soups but the more water you can, the more jars and shelf space it
requires.
For canned
tomatoes, we cut out damaged areas (such as this spot caused by the fungus
anthracnose, as seen on the one tomato below), blanch, ice water cool, and peel them. We then quarter them, squeeze out some of the water, and pack in jars, with 1 tsp. of canning salt - don't use table salt.
For juice,
we core and remove bad places, then cook until soft enough to process – longer
cooking will give them a different taste with less of a fresh tomato flavor. We run them thru a chinois
and add the juice to jars (stirring the pan often to prevent water separation),
with a tsp. of canning salt. Use a
canning funnel to keep the jar tops clean. .
For sauces,
we do the same thing to the maters as for juice but have recently learned to
simmer them all night before running them through the chinois. We also tried a run of juice this way. On our cooktop, we have to set the pan on a
simmer plate to keep them from boiling.
Bev used the
food processor to chop some garlic (2 bulbs), onion (4 medium), celery (5
stalks), sweet pepper (3 med bells), and carrot (3 med) very fine and added it
to the tomatoes (12 quart pot full) before cooking – adjust amounts to your
taste. This resulted in a basic tomato
sauce that can now be used for Italian, Greek, and Mexican sauces depending
upon the herbs and spices that are added at the time of use.
From right to left, here is a
jar of tomatoes (cooked the least), regular juice, and cooked-all-night-juice (cooked the most) - note the more they're cooked, the darker the color. We tried the cooked-all-night juice as an
experiment, but it tasted more like sauce than juice so we’ll use it for soups
and other cooking – now I know why Dad told me not to overcook the maters when he was
training me, but you know us kids, we have to learn it the hard way.
To prepare
the lids, boil some water in a sauce pan, turn off the heat and add the lids –
rapidly boiling the lids can damage to seals.
I put my lids front-to-back-to-front so they don’t stick together.
I stick my
tongs in there as well to sterilize them.
After
putting the product in the jars, run a wet paper towel around the rim to be
sure it is clean and there are no nicks.
Then set the lids in place and tightly install the rings, whose sole
purpose is to hold the lid against the jar rim until it seals.
Canner – We
use a 16 quart Presto Pressure Canner (dial type) which will process seven
quarts of product and there is nothing to fear from these devices unless you
try to use in from another room, which is a bad idea once it starts building
pressure. Always read the instructions with your canner.
To can the
tomatoes, add two quarts of water (depends on canner size) to the canner
containing the lifting basket, which also keeps the jars from sitting on the
canner bottom (important).
Then sit the
jars into the canner with a little gap between them if possible, and add the
lid, after checking the seal to be sure it’s properly in the slot for it (over
time, the seals have a tendency to get smaller and won’t seal properly – our
local hardware store has replacements for about six bucks).
Once the lid
is on, turn on the stove heat as hot as possible and after about 10 minutes,
steam should begin to come lightly from the vent, set a timer for 10 minutes
(you can read the paper during this period as well as the previous 10
minutes). After 10 minutes steam should be
shooting from the vent in a steady stream and the jiggler is now put on the
vent – you now are confined to keeping an eye on the canner.
When the
pressure gets to 11 lbs., start a 10 minute timer (for tomatoes) and throttle
back the heat to medium and watch the gauge, making minor corrections to
maintain around 11 lbs. (After 5 minutes
it will usually stay close to the 11 lb. mark). A gas range works best as the heat adjustments are immediate. If using an electric range, the canner may need to be moved to a different eye on medium heat to prevent the canner temperature from overshooting the 11# mark too much – 1 pound for a short time is okay.
When the timer goes off, turn off the heat and go read the paper – DO
NOT OPEN THE CANNER UNTIL THE PRESSURE IS ZERO or bad things will happen - also don't run cold water on it to speed the process, like you might do with a pressure cooker.
When
the pressure gage reads zero, remove the canner lid (back side first so the heat
goes that way), remove the jars with a jar lifter
and sit them at least 1” apart to cool and you’ll
hear them sealing over
the next several minutes. Once the lids
seal and the jars are cool, I like to remove the rings and test the seals by giving them a little
pull with my finger – you will not be able to open a properly sealed jar with
your finger – unless you are mighty man.
Since we
have too many rings and they are a pain to store, I run them through the dish
washer, wipe the jar threads and lightly reinstall the ring – like I said this
is just for storage.
Some folks
just leave them on after canning but this is unnecessary for properly sealed
jars and requires lots of rings. You
really only need enough rings for a canner load or two, and we trash them when they
get some rust as they are more difficult to get on and off.
Starting with clean jars and pre-washed tomatoes, it takes 2-2½ hours total time to do a run of tomatoes - juice takes about 3½ as the tomatoes require about two hours to cook.
All photos
can be enlarged by clicking on them and I can't figure out why I have two different type sizes.
Have a great
day and thanks for stopping by Almost Heaven South.
One year
ago: None
Larry
July, 2012 event date
